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1995-07-25
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EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((1111999999990000 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11113333)))) EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111))))
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
emacs - GNU project Emacs
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
eeeemmmmaaaaccccssss [ _c_o_m_m_a_n_d-_l_i_n_e _s_w_i_t_c_h_e_s ] [ _f_i_l_e_s ... ]
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
_G_N_U _E_m_a_c_s is a new version of _E_m_a_c_s, written by the author
of the original (PDP-10) _E_m_a_c_s, Richard Stallman. Its user
functionality encompasses everything other _E_m_a_c_s editors do,
and it is easily extensible since its editing commands are
written in Lisp.
_E_m_a_c_s has an extensive interactive help facility, but the
facility assumes that you know how to manipulate _E_m_a_c_s
windows and buffers. CTRL-h (backspace or CTRL-h) enters
the Help facility. Help Tutorial (CTRL-h t) requests an
interactive tutorial which can teach beginners the
fundamentals of _E_m_a_c_s in a few minutes. Help Apropos
(CTRL-h a) helps you find a command given its functionality,
Help Character (CTRL-h c) describes a given character's
effect, and Help Function (CTRL-h f) describes a given Lisp
function specified by name.
_E_m_a_c_s'_s Undo can undo several steps of modification to your
buffers, so it is easy to recover from editing mistakes.
_G_N_U _E_m_a_c_s'_s many special packages handle mail reading
(RMail) and sending (Mail), outline editing (Outline),
compiling (Compile), running subshells within _E_m_a_c_s windows
(Shell), running a Lisp read-eval-print loop (Lisp-
Interaction-Mode), and automated psychotherapy (Doctor).
There is an extensive reference manual, but users of other
Emacses should have little trouble adapting even without a
copy. Users new to _E_m_a_c_s will be able to use basic features
fairly rapidly by studying the tutorial and using the self-
documentation features.
Emacs Options
The following options are of general interest:
_f_i_l_e Edit _f_i_l_e.
++++_n_u_m_b_e_r Go to the line specified by _n_u_m_b_e_r (do not insert a
space between the "+" sign and the number).
----qqqq Do not load an init file.
----uuuu _u_s_e_r Load _u_s_e_r'_s init file.
Page 1 (printed 7/7/94)
EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((1111999999990000 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11113333)))) EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111))))
----tttt _f_i_l_e Use specified _f_i_l_e as the terminal instead of using
stdin/stdout. This must be the first argument
specified in the command line.
The following options are lisp-oriented (these options are
processed in the order encountered):
----ffff _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n
Execute the lisp function _f_u_n_c_t_i_o_n.
----llll _f_i_l_e Load the lisp code in the file _f_i_l_e.
The following options are useful when running _E_m_a_c_s as a
batch editor:
----bbbbaaaattttcccchhhh _c_o_m_m_a_n_d_f_i_l_e
Edit in batch mode using the commands found in
_c_o_m_m_a_n_d_f_i_l_e. The editor will send messages to
stdout. This option must be the first in the
argument list.
----kkkkiiiillllllll Exit _E_m_a_c_s while in batch mode.
Using Emacs with X
_E_m_a_c_s has been tailored to work well with the X window
system. If you run _E_m_a_c_s from under X windows, it will
create its own X window to display in. You will probably
want to start the editor as a background process so that you
can continue using your original window.
_E_m_a_c_s can be started with the following X switches:
----rrrrnnnn _n_a_m_e
Specifies the program name which should be used when
looking up defaults in the user's X resources. This
must be the first option specified in the command
line.
----nnnnaaaammmmeeee _n_a_m_e
Specifies the name which should be assigned to the
_E_m_a_c_s window.
----rrrr Display the _E_m_a_c_s window in reverse video.
----iiii Use the "kitchen sink" bitmap icon when iconifying
the _E_m_a_c_s window.
----ffffoooonnnntttt _f_o_n_t, ----ffffnnnn _f_o_n_t
Set the _E_m_a_c_s window's font to that specified by
_f_o_n_t. You will find the various _X fonts in the
/_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_X_1_1/_f_o_n_t_s directory. Note that _E_m_a_c_s will
Page 2 (printed 7/7/94)
EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((1111999999990000 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11113333)))) EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111))))
only accept fixed width fonts. Under the X11
Release 4 font-naming conventions, any font with the
value "m" or "c" in the eleventh field of the font
name is a fixed width font. Furthermore, fonts
whose name are of the form _w_i_d_t_hx_h_e_i_g_h_t are
generally fixed width, as is the font _f_i_x_e_d. See
_x_l_s_f_o_n_t_s(1) for more information.
When you specify a font, be sure to put a space
between the switch and the font name.
----bbbb _p_i_x_e_l_s
Set the _E_m_a_c_s window's border width to the number of
pixels specified by _p_i_x_e_l_s. Defaults to one pixel on
each side of the window.
----iiiibbbb _p_i_x_e_l_s
Set the window's internal border width to the number
of pixels specified by _p_i_x_e_l_s. Defaults to one pixel
of padding on each side of the window.
----ggggeeeeoooommmmeeeettttrrrryyyy _g_e_o_m_e_t_r_y
Set the _E_m_a_c_s window's width, height, and position
as specified. The geometry specification is in the
standard X format; see _X(1) for more information.
The width and height are specified in characters;
the default is 80 by 24.
----ffffgggg _c_o_l_o_r
On color displays, sets the color of the text.
See the file /_u_s_r/_l_i_b/_X_1_1/_r_g_b._t_x_t for a list of
valid color names.
----bbbbgggg _c_o_l_o_r
On color displays, sets the color of the window's
background.
----bbbbdddd _c_o_l_o_r
On color displays, sets the color of the window's
border.
----ccccrrrr _c_o_l_o_r
On color displays, sets the color of the window's
text cursor.
----mmmmssss _c_o_l_o_r
On color displays, sets the color of the window's
mouse cursor.
----dddd _d_i_s_p_l_a_y_n_a_m_e, ----ddddiiiissssppppllllaaaayyyy _d_i_s_p_l_a_y_n_a_m_e
Create the _E_m_a_c_s window on the display specified by
Page 3 (printed 7/7/94)
EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((1111999999990000 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11113333)))) EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111))))
_d_i_s_p_l_a_y_n_a_m_e. Must be the first option specified in
the command line.
----nnnnwwww Tells _E_m_a_c_s not to use its special interface to X.
If you use this switch when invoking _E_m_a_c_s from an
_x_t_e_r_m(1) window, display is done in that window.
This must be the first option specified in the
command line.
You can set _X default values for your _E_m_a_c_s windows in your
._X_r_e_s_o_u_r_c_e_s file (see _x_r_d_b(1)). Use the following format:
emacs.keyword:value
where _v_a_l_u_e specifies the default value of _k_e_y_w_o_r_d. _E_m_a_c_s
lets you set default values for the following keywords:
ffffoooonnnntttt ((((class FFFFoooonnnntttt))))
Sets the window's text font.
rrrreeeevvvveeeerrrrsssseeeeVVVViiiiddddeeeeoooo ((((class RRRReeeevvvveeeerrrrsssseeeeVVVViiiiddddeeeeoooo))))
If _r_e_v_e_r_s_e_V_i_d_e_o'_s value is set to _o_n, the window
will be displayed in reverse video.
bbbbiiiittttmmmmaaaappppIIIIccccoooonnnn ((((class BBBBiiiittttmmmmaaaappppIIIIccccoooonnnn))))
If _b_i_t_m_a_p_I_c_o_n'_s value is set to _o_n, the window will
iconify into the "kitchen sink."
bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrWWWWiiiiddddtttthhhh ((((class BBBBoooorrrrddddeeeerrrrWWWWiiiiddddtttthhhh))))
Sets the window's border width in pixels.
iiiinnnntttteeeerrrrnnnnaaaallllBBBBoooorrrrddddeeeerrrr ((((class BBBBoooorrrrddddeeeerrrrWWWWiiiiddddtttthhhh))))
Sets the window's internal border width in pixels.
ffffoooorrrreeeeggggrrrroooouuuunnnndddd ((((class FFFFoooorrrreeeeggggrrrroooouuuunnnndddd))))
For color displays, sets the window's text color.
bbbbaaaacccckkkkggggrrrroooouuuunnnndddd ((((class BBBBaaaacccckkkkggggrrrroooouuuunnnndddd))))
For color displays, sets the window's background
color.
bbbboooorrrrddddeeeerrrrCCCCoooolllloooorrrr ((((class BBBBoooorrrrddddeeeerrrrCCCCoooolllloooorrrr))))
For color displays, sets the color of the window's
border.
ccccuuuurrrrssssoooorrrrCCCCoooolllloooorrrr ((((class FFFFoooorrrreeeeggggrrrroooouuuunnnndddd))))
For color displays, sets the color of the window's
text cursor.
ppppooooiiiinnnntttteeeerrrrCCCCoooolllloooorrrr ((((class FFFFoooorrrreeeeggggrrrroooouuuunnnndddd))))
For color displays, sets the color of the window's
mouse cursor.
Page 4 (printed 7/7/94)
EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((1111999999990000 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11113333)))) EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111))))
ggggeeeeoooommmmeeeettttrrrryyyy ((((class GGGGeeeeoooommmmeeeettttrrrryyyy))))
Sets the geometry of the _E_m_a_c_s window (as described
above).
ttttiiiittttlllleeee ((((class TTTTiiiittttlllleeee))))
Sets the title of the _E_m_a_c_s window.
iiiiccccoooonnnnNNNNaaaammmmeeee ((((class TTTTiiiittttlllleeee))))
Sets the icon name for the _E_m_a_c_s window icon.
If you try to set color values while using a black and white
display, the window's characteristics will default as
follows: the foreground color will be set to black, the
background color will be set to white, the border color will
be set to grey, and the text and mouse cursors will be set
to black.
Using the Mouse
The following lists the mouse button bindings for the _E_m_a_c_s
window under X11.
MOUSE BUTTON FUNCTION
left Set point.
middle Paste text.
right Cut text into X cut buffer.
SHIFT-middle Cut text into X cut buffer.
SHIFT-right Paste text.
CTRL-middle Cut text into X cut buffer and kill it.
CTRL-right Select this window, then split it into
two windows. Same as typing CTRL-x 2.
CTRL-SHIFT-left X buffer menu--hold the buttons and
keys down, wait for menu to appear,
select buffer, and release. Move mouse
out of menu and release to cancel.
CTRL-SHIFT-middle X help menu--pop up index card menu for
Emacs help.
CTRL-SHIFT-right Select window with mouse, and delete
all other windows. Same as typing
CTRL-x 1.
MMMMAAAANNNNUUUUAAAALLLLSSSS
You can order printed copies of the GNU Emacs Manual for
$20.00/copy postpaid from the Free Software Foundation,
which develops GNU software (contact them for quantity
prices on the manual). Their address is:
Free Software Foundation
675 Mass Ave.
Cambridge, MA 02139
Your local Emacs maintainer might also have copies
available. As with all software and publications from FSF,
everyone is permitted to make and distribute copies of the
Page 5 (printed 7/7/94)
EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((1111999999990000 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11113333)))) EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111))))
Emacs manual. The TeX source to the manual is also included
in the Emacs source distribution.
FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
/usr/local/info - files for the Info documentation browser
(a subsystem of Emacs) to refer to. Currently not much of
Unix is documented here, but the complete text of the Emacs
reference manual is included in a convenient tree structured
form.
/usr/local/lib/emacs/$VERSION/src - C source files and
object files
/usr/local/lib/emacs/$VERSION/lisp - Lisp source files and
compiled files that define most editing commands. Some are
preloaded; others are autoloaded from this directory when
used.
/usr/local/lib/emacs/$VERSION/etc - various programs that
are used with GNU Emacs, and some files of information.
/usr/local/lib/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DOC.* - contains the
documentation strings for the Lisp primitives and preloaded
Lisp functions of GNU Emacs. They are stored here to reduce
the size of Emacs proper.
/usr/local/lib/emacs/$VERSION/etc/DIFF discusses GNU Emacs
vs. Twenex Emacs;
/usr/local/lib/emacs/$VERSION/etc/CCADIFF discusses GNU
Emacs vs. CCA Emacs;
/usr/local/lib/emacs/$VERSION/etc/GOSDIFF discusses GNU
Emacs vs. Gosling Emacs.
/usr/local/lib/emacs/$VERSION/etc/SERVICE lists people
offering various services to assist users of GNU Emacs,
including education, troubleshooting, porting and
customization.
These files also have information useful to anyone wishing
to write programs in the Emacs Lisp extension language,
which has not yet been fully documented.
/usr/local/lib/emacs/lock - holds lock files that are made
for all files being modified in Emacs, to prevent
simultaneous modification of one file by two users.
/usr/local/lib/emacs/$VERSION/$ARCHITECTURE/cpp - the GNU
cpp, needed for building Emacs on certain versions of Unix
where the standard cpp cannot handle long names for macros.
/usr/lib/X11/rgb.txt - list of valid X color names.
BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
There is a mailing list, bug-gnu-emacs@prep.ai.mit.edu on
Page 6 (printed 7/7/94)
EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((1111999999990000 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11113333)))) EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111))))
the internet (ucbvax!prep.ai.mit.edu!bug-gnu-emacs on
UUCPnet), for reporting Emacs bugs and fixes. But before
reporting something as a bug, please try to be sure that it
really is a bug, not a misunderstanding or a deliberate
feature. We ask you to read the section ``Reporting Emacs
Bugs'' near the end of the reference manual (or Info system)
for hints on how and when to report bugs. Also, include the
version number of the Emacs you are running in _e_v_e_r_y bug
report that you send in.
Do not expect a personal answer to a bug report. The
purpose of reporting bugs is to get them fixed for everyone
in the next release, if possible. For personal assistance,
look in the SERVICE file (see above) for a list of people
who offer it.
Please do not send anything but bug reports to this mailing
list. Send requests to be added to mailing lists to the
special list info-gnu-emacs-request@prep.ai.mit.edu (or the
corresponding UUCP address). For more information about
Emacs mailing lists, see the file
/usr/local/emacs/etc/MAILINGLISTS. Bugs tend actually to be
fixed if they can be isolated, so it is in your interest to
report them in such a way that they can be easily
reproduced.
Bugs that I know about are: shell will not work with
programs running in Raw mode on some Unix versions.
UUUUNNNNRRRREEEESSSSTTTTRRRRIIIICCCCTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
_E_m_a_c_s is free; anyone may redistribute copies of _E_m_a_c_s to
anyone under the terms stated in the _E_m_a_c_s General Public
License, a copy of which accompanies each copy of _E_m_a_c_s and
which also appears in the reference manual.
Copies of _E_m_a_c_s may sometimes be received packaged with
distributions of Unix systems, but it is never included in
the scope of any license covering those systems. Such
inclusion violates the terms on which distribution is
permitted. In fact, the primary purpose of the General
Public License is to prohibit anyone from attaching any
other restrictions to redistribution of _E_m_a_c_s.
Richard Stallman encourages you to improve and extend _E_m_a_c_s,
and urges that you contribute your extensions to the GNU
library. Eventually GNU (Gnu's Not Unix) will be a complete
replacement for Berkeley Unix. Everyone will be able to use
the GNU system for free.
SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
X(1), xlsfonts(1), xterm(1), xrdb(1)
Page 7 (printed 7/7/94)
EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111)))) XXXXEEEENNNNIIIIXXXX SSSSyyyysssstttteeeemmmm VVVV ((((1111999999990000 NNNNoooovvvveeeemmmmbbbbeeeerrrr 11113333)))) EEEEMMMMAAAACCCCSSSS((((1111))))
AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRRSSSS
_E_m_a_c_s was written by Richard Stallman and the Free Software
Foundation. Joachim Martillo and Robert Krawitz added the X
features.
Page 8 (printed 7/7/94)